American Actions During The First Seminole War - 842 Words

Throughout its history, the United States has claimed to be a democracy that fights for freedom for all. Americans have opposed imperialistic states and have fought against empires. However, based on specific definitions of imperialism, U.S. leaders have been guilty of fighting multiple wars to build their empire, even if their explicit reasons for doing so suggest otherwise. Examples of these imperialistic trends include American actions during the First Seminole War, the Mexican-American War, and the annexation of the Philippines. According to historian Tony Smith, imperialism is defined as â€Å"the effective domination by a relatively strong state over a weaker people whom it does not control as it does its home population, or the effort to secure such domination.† Further, â€Å"the dominant power assumes sovereignty over the subject people in the form of annexation, colonialism, or an avowed protectorate.† By this definition, the U.S. is an empire. Evidence of t his imperial nature exists as far back as 1816 and the First Seminole War. During that time, the Spanish owned Florida, but President Monroe believed that â€Å"the peninsula was a natural appendage to the United States, and†¦hankered to possess it.† After Spain was unable to fulfill Andrew Jackson’s demand that a British-built fort occupied by blacks within the Florida territory be removed, the U.S. built Fort Scott. Using the supply route that Fort Scott created, the U.S. surrounded, sieged, and destroyed the SpanishShow MoreRelatedThe First Seminole War1587 Words   |  7 PagesThe First Seminole War was the first of three conflicts in the early 19th century that involved the United States Army and the Seminole population in Florida. At the time, Florida was still under the control of Spain. Most of its population consisted of the Seminole Native Americans and African Americans. The dates of the First Seminole War are debated but most believe that it occurre d between 1816 and 1818. This war took place after the War of 1812 and tensions were still high between the UnitedRead MoreAndrew Jackson Racist Ideology Essay1339 Words   |  6 Pagesgenocide of the Seminole peoples during the First Seminole War. Jackson’s racist perception of the Seminole Indians was the result of his experiences fighting Indians during the Creek War, which resulted in his larger national mandate to remove the Seminole from their land for European settlers to inhabit. The First Seminole war defined the overarching genocide against the Seminole peoples through Jackson’s leadership of the United States Army, which took lands and relocated the Seminole to the interiorRead MoreUS Presidents: Andrew Jackson Essay1694 Words   |  7 Pagescontroversial figures in American history. Many praise him for his role in bringing about popular democracy and individual rights; however, Jackson’s role in the Indian Removal Act, his extreme racism, and his s upport for slavery cause many to question his legacy. Jackson’s involvement in the Seminole Wars is particularly disturbing since he not only authorized but actively encouraged the use of force against the women and children of the Seminole tribe. While Jackson was by no means the first leader to targetRead MoreSignificance Of The Second Seminole War1337 Words   |  6 Pagesorder to understand the significance of the Second Seminole War, one must first examine the First Seminole War. Frustrated with Seminole protection of runaway slaves, Andrew Jackson and more than three thousand men entered northern Florida in 1816 and began to decimate Seminole populations. Despite most of these campaigns being unsanctioned by the United States government and protested by the British and the Spanish, Jackson was received as a war hero throughout the nation. The Adam-Onis Treaty ofRead MoreAndrew Jackson : Conqueror Of Florida1489 Words   |  6 Pagesthat has been built through conquest s and wars due to its rich geography and lands which attracted many powerful nations like Britain and Spain. One of these conquests took place in the nineteenth century where an American general took siege of Florida, a Spanish territory by then. Andrew Jackson was the man whose mission was to seize Florida in the year 1818 after agitations from the various attacks that were carried out by the Seminoles to the American people, the latest being the Fort Scott attackRead MoreThe History of the Seminole War in Florida580 Words   |  2 Pagesthere has been many wars that had taken place. Wars happen because societies can come across conflict, different opinions, or simply people on country may be interested in anothers land or resources. A war that can relate to this is the second Seminole War which first began in the 19th century. This war started because of discrimination over the Native American people and the drive to have them relocate for their land. After many attempts and one war before the second seminole war America realizedRead MoreThe Second Seminole War2447 Words   |  10 PagesThe events leading up to the Second Seminole War remain some of the most perverse and contentious proceedings to have occurred in American history. Between 1819, the ending of the First Seminole War, and 1835, the beginning of the Second, the United States government did everything within its power to not only remove the Natives Americans from its borders, but did so through seditious and deceptive legislature. It was during this time that the expansion of the power of the president and a completeRead MoreContinental Marines Essays1245 Words   |  5 Pagesbranch of the Armed Forces. The first Commandant of the Continental Marines was Captain Samuel Nicholas, who was born in Philadelphia in 1744. He was commissioned to be a â€Å"Captain of Marines† by the 2nd Continental Congress on November 5th 1775. Nicholas soon established Tun Tavern as the recruiting headquarters. Tun Tavern’s owner, Robert Mullen, was so successful at recruiting people into the Marines, that he was commissioned as a Captain and is now known as the first Marine Corps Recruiter. TheRead MoreTrail of Tears: Forceful Removal of Indians in the US837 Words   |  3 PagesThe forceful removal and exodus of thousands of Native Americans from their lands east of the Mississippi River during the 1830s is often called the Trail of Tears. This removal of Native Americans from their lands was a result of the Indian Removal Act of 1830, which was signed by then-President Andrew Jackson one year into his presidency and which President Martin Van Buren ensured was carried out. When Andrew Jackson became President of the United States in 1829, he based his decision of signingRead MoreAndrew Jackson : The Champion Of The Common Man892 Words   |  4 Pagesthe War of 1812. With his tremendous popularity as â€Å"war hero,† he subsequently achieved the popular vote and rained down on the nation as the seventh president of the United States, where his fiery nature reflected in his audacious executive decisions and shaped him into one of the most polarizing figures in American history. Although some depict Andrew Jackson as the beloved Champion of the Common Man, his malicious and tyrannical actions as an army general and president reveal the American people

World Food Crisis - 1336 Words

Microeconomics H.W. Assignment World Food Crisis Professor: Student: 2011 Food is the foundation of human live and people cannot survive without it. Food security is a vital issue facing the governments around the world. However, food shortage is becoming increasingly severe in this day and age. There are several reasons which led to the universal food shortage and they are interconnected to each other. Increasing world population, extreme weather and the wide spread use of biofuels are the main causes of worldwide shortage of food. These factors lead to food price rises rapidly. Global food crisis is being compounded by several causes such as growing population,†¦show more content†¦But what happens if the U.S. scenario is worse than a â€Å"nonrecord† harvest? What if there’s a Russia-scale crop failure here at home? â€Å"When we have the first serious crop failure, which will happen,† says farm commodity expert Don Coxe, â€Å"we will then have a full-blown food crisis† – one far worse than 2008. Coxe has studied the sector for more than 35 years as a strategist for BMO Financial Group. He says it didn’t have to come to this. â€Å"We’ve got a situation where there has been no incentive to allocate significant new capital to agriculture or to develop new technologies to dramatically expand crop output.† â€Å"We’ve got complacency,† he sums up. â€Å"So for those reasons, I believe the next food crisis – when it comes – will be a bigger shock than $150 oil.† A recent report from HSBC isn’t quite so alarming†¦unless you read between the lines. â€Å"World agricultural markets,† it says, â€Å"have become so finely balanced between supply and demand that local disruptions can have a major impact on the global prices of the affected commodities and then reverberate throughout the entire food chain.† That was the story in 2008. It’s becoming the story again now. It may go away in a few weeks or a few months. But it won’t go away for good. It’ll keep coming back†¦for decades. There’s nothing you or I can do to change it. So we might as well â€Å"hedge† our rising food costs by investing in the very commodities whose pricesShow MoreRelatedWorld Food Crisis1328 Words   |  6 PagesMicroeconomics H.W. Assignment World Food Crisis Professor: Student: 2011 Food is the foundation of human live and people cannot survive without it. Food security is a vital issue facing the governments around the world. However, food shortage is becoming increasingly severe in this day and age. There are several reasons which led to the universal food shortage and they are interconnected to each other. Increasing world population, extreme weatherRead MoreWorld Food Crisis: Its Consequences and Underlying Problems1035 Words   |  5 Pagesthe World Food Crisis. As US Subprime credit and mortgage problems crunch harder into global national economies, Inflation is on sky rocket high. There is a surge in commodity prices particularly for food staples thus pushing up consumer prices across the globe. (The pain of inflation, 2008 pg.1) This paper will focus on this very point ‘the soaring global food prices’, it’s affects around the world. The paper will also try to point out the underlying causes for the historical food shor tageRead MoreSustainability And Solutions Of Food1691 Words   |  7 PagesSustainability on food Today, the contemporary world is riddled with several developing, uncertainties with the food security. World population is growing faster, by researching world population by 2050 it will reach 9 billion people on this Earth. Food requirement is expected at over 70% of current levels. Sustainability is important for the food because, it is achieving the level against price rising prices of food, included climate change because climate change is also a huge problem for farmersRead MoreThe Article On The Global Food Crisis1058 Words   |  5 PagesIn the article â€Å"How to feed nine billion† that’s written by Evan Fraser Andrew Rimas, who each bring their own view towards as they raise the issue of global food crisis. The global food crisis is an ongoing stigma in today’s world, one that has afflicted the lives of millions across the globe. The article speaks about the global food market, of how fragile it is, by using various real life examples supported by statistics. It does so, however, from almost an purely economic standpoint. It highlightsRead MoreHunger Is Huge Crisis By Developing Countries1603 Words   |  7 Pagesstatistic is all true. Something as simple as food can cause 8,640 kids to die a day and 300 million children go hungry every day, most of them living in developing countries, and stuck in a life of poverty. Hunger is huge crisis, in developing countries, that has a large amount of negative impacts on the people living there and generations to come. Hunger and Causes Hunger can be defined in two ways, unease or pain from want of food, or the want or scarcity of food in a country. Hunger in developing countriesRead MoreThe Health Of The Human Race1269 Words   |  6 Pagesfor consumption of food and water. This dependency is crucial in order to maintain and sustain the future existence of humans on Earth. Unfortunately, as the world faces agricultural problems such as: price increases, overpopulation, and climate change, attaining food has proven to become more difficult. Food crises are issues that have plagued humans across the globe currently and historically. What makes this particular topic important is not only the innate human need for food, but the fact thatRead MoreA Brief Note On The Global Food Crisis866 Words   |  4 PagesEvery 3.6 seconds, the time it takes you to take a bite of food, a person dies of hunger or malnourishment. Global food crisis is a problem that has been around since the beginning of time, but it is everything bu t yesterday’s issue. It is very real today and the numbers of starving people are still growing. Solutions will not be easy to sort out, since the dramatic food price escalation has numerous causes. The world’s population is expected to increase from 7 billion today to 9 or 10 billion byRead MoreHunger, Poverty, And Poverty1290 Words   |  6 Pages Hunger play a crucial role in everyone’s lives. Many people in third world countries do not always have the luxury to go to bed on a full stomach. Certain people face these obstacles that they could overcome on their own. However, certain adversities are much greater than one individual. Striving to end hunger inspires unity for those struggling and those who want to find a solution for the problem. Working together to improve life on land is one of the most important aspects in life. The globalRead MoreExpansion Of Ethanol Production On The United States1318 Words   |  6 PagesRenewable Fuel Standard was signed in to law, US Corn production has shifted from feeding faces to fuel tanks, stirring a controversy over corns purpose. In 2007, the food or fuel controversy landed on the floor of the United Nations when Jean Ziegler, former UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, stated that diverting cropland from food to fuel is a crime against humanity (Ferrett). The Renewa ble Fuel Standard, signed in to law in 2005, is a mandate that requires renewable fuels, such as corn basedRead MoreEssay on The Recent Global Food Crisis and Obesity Epidemic 1789 Words   |  8 Pagesthe world are starkly staring at a food crisis that has picked momentum especially since 2008. This recent global food crisis has placed staple grains, the main sustenance for populations around the world, out of reach of the hundreds of millions of people in need of them. This has seen its effects being felt in both developed and developing countries (Magdoff, 2006: 1-7). This study will focus its attention on the explanation about this recent food crisis, how it reflects previous agri-food system

Hypothetical Background of Market Based Instruments Free Samples

Question: What is the Hypothetical Background of Market Based Instruments? Answer: Introducation: MBIs make motivations to accomplish enhanced ecological results through market flags as opposed to through express mandates, for example, direction. MBIs convey value flags and impact individuals' conduct utilizing exchanging systems, for example, barters and posted value markets, set up open doors for merchants to profit through arbitrage, and give impetuses to advancement and benefit, similarly that normal markets do. Markets are driven by the additions to members from intentional trade the 'picks up from exchange'. (Nyongesa, 2016) Hypothetical Background of Market Based Instruments MBIs come in three structures: cost based; amount based; and showcase contact instruments. The choice between market rubbing and cost or amount construct instruments is situated in light of whether there is a current market for the applicable biological system administration or asset. Without existing markets, the choice confronting most territorial bodies is amongst cost and amount based MBIs. Amount based instruments are favored when there is a set amount target, low expenses of extra biological system benefit arrangement, harm edges are available, natural results are seen as an obligation rather to be compensated, or there are long time slacks in delivering the coveted result. Cost based instruments are favored where there are settled spending plan accessible, extra activities are expensive, installment is viewed as satisfactory, and results can be accomplished inside the installment time frame. In spite of these standards instrument decision remains a commonsense exchange off tha t will include thought of the relative exchange costs among different components. (Huber-Stearns, 2015) Showcase disappointments keep the additions from exchange being figured it out. MBIs in this way should be intended to keep away from or limit advertise disappointments. To limit the potential effect of market disappointments, an efficient examination of the market disappointments presentation and related market configuration issues is required. The answers for market disappointment that are planned into MBIs will vary from those in other arrangement approaches.(Brauman, 2015) This is a key territory where expert information is leeway. The most widely recognized types of market disappointment present are: Incomplete property rights; Contemplations: o Create and characterize property rights. o Develop metric to depict applicable qualities so that adjustments in yields of biological community administrations can be connected to property rights. o If free-riders can't be barred, enable open organization to buy biological community benefit. o Create right that can be exchanged independently from different rights. Information disappointment or asymmetry; Contemplations: o Develop metric to connection arrive administration activities with biological community benefit generation. o Metric connected by purchaser/open office to figure open advantages of administration activities via landholders. o Non-advertise valuation to catch open non-utilize values. o Apply metric and expansion projects to educate landholders how to deliver biological community benefit, and of o the related private advantages. o Incorporate 'hazard premium' into metric. Additionally, research to decrease vulnerability. o Create commercial center. Market structure issues; (Meijaard, 2014) Contemplations: o Expand extent of market to acquire more brokers. Work to augment cooperation rates. o Expand advertise degree to get more contenders. Manage to anticipate cartel arrangement. Difficulty assessing results; Contemplations: o Monitoring o Performance Based Payments o Regulate to avert cartel arrangement. Constraints to market interest. Contemplations: o Upfront installments. o Public office to give data and guidance. o Minimize multifaceted nature of property rights and offering/exchanging process. o Provide preparing on market component. Property right issues will be a critical issue in the plan of any MBI. The most basic component of property rights is meaning of a metric. The part of the metric in a MBI is regularly befuddled due to the numerous parts that estimations of ecological resources, biological system administrations, and administration activities play in the NRM circle. The MBI metric is the reason for measuring relative and total results, and subsequently who advantages and who pays. It must evaluate the change to environment administrations proportionate with the scale at which on-ground administration happens. Diverse measures convert into various land administration motivating forces. Subsequently, guarantee that the metric precisely speaks to the coveted result. (Stephens, 2014) The metric speaks to a mind boggling heap of exchange offs and is not just an issue of evaluating a measure of biophysical change (which in itself is to a great degree complex) yet regularly should likewise consider different drivers of qualities. Nine rule that ought to be considered in outlining an appropriate metric were produced throughout this exploration. (Tacconi, 2015) They are:Quantity and nature of biological system benefit results; Whether spatial connections are essential in conveying results; Whether negligible change is vital; Location of progress and effect on qualities; Time to accomplish results; Risk/sureness in effectively executing distinctive administration changes; Risk/conviction in accomplishing craved biological community result from various changes; Whether the change is irreversible or edges might be available; and Whether any overflows to other biological system administrations are probably going to happen from administration changes. Waterandsewerageservicesprices the Economic Regulator's Price Determination sets out the administrations, income prerequisites and evaluating structure for TasWater over the administrative period. Assessment of Instrument(s) and materialness toward the South Esk Basin Biological community benefits and additionally watershed administrations can be partitioned into four interrelated utilitarian classes: (Zhang, 2015) Provisioning administrations, whose advantages are specifically gotten from waste bowl items, for example, sustenance and freshwater; Regulating administrations, whose advantages originated from control of hydrological and natural procedures, water purging, squander transfer and assurance arranges from hydrologic and atmosphere dangers; Cultural administrations, whose non material advantages influence the clients by giving an extra social, aesthetical, recreational and additionally otherworldly esteem; Supporting administrations, whose advantages defeat the meaning of time and space scales and constitute an important stride for the creation and support of all the previously mentioned administrations. This class can incorporate, for instance, essential generation, water cycling and provisioning of territory for creature and plant species. The accomplishment of a positive bargain between open recognition and logical ability assumes a vital part in the development of a fruitful plan that can be constituted, as per particular necessities and requirements, by the blend of the underneath recorded activities: (Wang, 2016) Using financial matters and sociologies to assess water related uses and administrations that potential purchasers are occupied with profiting from (e.g. arrangement of spotless and bottomless drinking water, lessened sedimentation for hydropower era, water system and disintegration control for enhanced farming yields, recreational utilization of water bodies and so on.); Guaranteeing the maintain of particular hydrological service(s) whereupon distinctive water clients depend on; Using hydrological models to assess benchmark water utilization and venture proficient hydrological benefit conveyance; Estimate conceivable situations with and without PWS execution considering financial contrasts of focused clients, biodiversity and biological system soundness. Setting a cost for the arrangement of the fundamental administrations utilizing valuation strategies. A premise can be built up by considering expenses of land and work; water duties or expressed readiness to contribute for the change of water administrations. An extra test is guaranteeing that the estimation of the administration surpasses opportunity costs. Also, the working of neighborhood institutional limit ordinarily makes improved investment of partners in the usage and administration of the plan - open specialists seeking after PWS configuration ought to consider the accompanying, while private implementers need to evaluate the condition of these variables in their nearby setting: (Butler, 2013) Rights to assets and tenure security. Achievement likelihood is enhanced if groups/specialist co-opts have an all the round characterized appropriate to oversee nearby land Funding. PWS plans can be financed by outside givers or open experts notwithstanding the administration recipients (purchasers) - for instance by holding a specific rate of water charge incomes as well as other nearby duties. Institutions. Including focused on water clients, specialist co-ops and purchasers in the outline procedure can be supported by government-overlooked associations. Native based organization or stream bowl affiliations can add to more noteworthy strengthening in watershed administration. Institutional/bureaucratic impediments to PWS plans: It is fundamental to comprehend the current bureaucratic culture, and to maintain a strategic distance from any superfluous test and hazard that could make PWS monetarily wasteful. (Waage, 2016) Ensure checking, consistence and straightforwardness. Dangers of rejection and debasement ought to be supported through guaranteeing that the institutional game plan for the arrangement of installments is observed and straightforward. Governments perceive the anxiety that people can put on the limited common assets of watersheds and have dynamically actualized strategies expected to guarantee more noteworthy maintainability of water-ward administrations. Early approaches concentrated on particular effects, the abuse of specific assets, assurance or natural surroundings reclamation. In any case, these early endeavors frequently neglected to address interminable issues that add to longer-term decreases in the structure and capacity of watersheds, for example, contaminations related with non-point keep running off from urbanized and agrarian ranges. In addition, the attention on individual assets or living spaces more often than not neglects to perceive watersheds as entire, intra-associated frameworks. (Swallow, 2016) Choices about biological community administration are muddled by the way that different sorts of market disappointment are related with regular assets and nature. Showcase disappointments happen when markets don't mirror the full social expenses or advantages of a decent. For instance, the cost of fuel does not completely mirror the expenses, regarding contamination, that are forced on society by consuming gas. Advertise disappointments identified with biological communities incorporate the certainties that: (i) numerous environments give benefits that are open products; (ii) numerous environment administrations are influenced by externalities; and (iii) property rights identified with environments and their administrations are regularly not obviously characterized. Biological community administrations are regularly open merchandise, which implies that they might be delighted in by any number of individuals without influencing other people groups' satisfaction. For instance, a stylish view is an unadulterated open great. Regardless of what number of individuals appreciate the view, others can likewise appreciate it. Different administrations might be semi open merchandise, where at a specific level of utilization, others' happiness might be lessened. For instance, an open entertainment region might be interested in everybody. Be that as it may, swarming can abatement people groups' pleasure in the range. The issue with open merchandise is that, despite the fact that individuals esteem them, nobody individual has a motivator to pay to keep up the great. In this way, aggregate activity is required with a specific end goal to deliver the most useful amount. (Page, 2015) Tradable grants address the lodge issue by proportioning access to the asset and privatizing the subsequent get to rights. The initial step includes setting a point of confinement on client access to the asset. For fisheries this would include the aggregate reasonable catch. For water supply it would include the measure of water that could be separated. For contamination control it regularly indicates the total measure of emanations permitted in the applicable control district. This farthest point characterizes the total measure of access to the asset that is approved. These get to rights are then designated on some premise (to be portrayed) to potential individual clients. Contingent upon the particular framework, these rights might be transferable to different clients and additionally bankable for some time later. Clients who surpass limits forced by the rights they hold confront punishments up to and including the loss of the privilege to partake. These methodologies have been disputable. The discussion emerges from a few sources, yet the most essential concerns the portion of the riches related with these assets. In spite of the fact that these methodologies regularly don't privatize the assets, as tried and true way of thinking may recommend, they do privatize in any event to some degree access to and utilization of those assets. Since the get to rights can be exceptionally important when the asset is overseen effectively, the proprietors of these rights may obtain a considerable measure of riches. In spite of the fact that the capacity to recover the beforehand disseminated riches for persuading manageable conduct is an essential quality of the framework, the moral issues raised by its conveyance among contending inquirers are a huge and proceeding with wellspring of discussion.(Waage, 2016) Evaluation of property right portions and exchange costs identified with the Market Based Instrument may affect upon the effectiveness of the instruments and social value for the number of inhabitants in the district Results of Assessment are as per the following: (Baral, 2014) o Increase in backwoods estimate, ensured range degree and reduction in deforestation o Reduction in horticultural power o Alteration in horticultural practices o PES particularly recognized to be a viable and proficient component to initiate changes in land-utilize o PES exercises attempted in ranges of poor natural condition o Improvements in biodiversity o Observed increment in family unit pay o Diversification of family unit monetary exercises o Improved circulation of material riches o Improved nourishment security o Reduction in destitution o Improved expectations for everyday comforts o Resilience to natural change o Better access to social and natural administrations Conclusion In planning plans and relieving exchange offs, we advocate a capacity situated and result drove approach. That is, distinguishing and organizing an arrangement of plan results and figuring out the basic and institutional courses of action of a program to accomplish those points. The exact organization of protection and improvement goals needs to represent privately created concerns, and not come about because of a one-estimate fits-all approach. There is potential for significant PES extension universally, yet these open doors ought to be seen close by other common asset administration and neediness mitigation arrangement instruments.(Calvet-Mir, 2015) The Department, alongside Tas Water, is proceeding with a survey of all ebb and flow urban water allotments and licenses which were at first exchanged to the territorial companies and now Tas Water. The audit has focused on guaranteeing that the extraction purposes of water assignments embraced on licenses are effectively assigned as far as the extraction area and the particular asset from which the water is taken, and that the quantum of the designation mirrors the authentic privilege. With regards to expected and developing future urban water request and supply situations, assignments might be fluctuated to boost the quality and unwavering quality of apportioned water and to better reflect genuine, and expected future, request. (Wang, 2016) DPIPWE's part as dam security controller is to guarantee that: these hazard moderation arrangements are created; that they are to an adequate standard as laid out by ANCOLD; and that they are actualized to a concurred plan as delineated in their particular PRAs References List Baral, H., Keenan, R.J., Stork, N.E. and Kasel, S., 2014. Measuring and managing ecosystem goods and services in changing landscapes: a south-east Australian perspective.Journal of Environmental Planning and Management,57(7), pp.961-983. Brauman, K.A., 2015. Hydrologic ecosystem services: linking ecohydrologic processes to human well?being in water research and watershed management.Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water,2(4), pp.345-358. Butler, J.R., Wong, G.Y., Metcalfe, D.J., Honzk, M., Pert, P.L., Rao, N., van Grieken, M.E., Lawson, T., Bruce, C., Kroon, F.J. and Brodie, J.E., 2013. An analysis of trade-offs between multiple ecosystem services and stakeholders linked to land use and water quality management in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia.Agriculture, Ecosystems Environment,180, pp.176-191. Calvet-Mir, L., Corbera, E., Martin, A., Fisher, J. and Gross-Camp, N., 2015. Payments for ecosystem services in the tropics: a closer look at effectiveness and equity.Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability,14, pp.150-162. Huber-Stearns, H.R., Goldstein, J.H., Cheng, A.S. and Toombs, T.P., 2015. Institutional analysis of payments for watershed services in the western United States.Ecosystem Services,16, pp.83-93. Meijaard, E., Wunder, S., Guariguata, M.R. and Sheil, D., 2014. What scope for certifying forest ecosystem services?.Ecosystem Services,7, pp.160-166. Nyongesa, J.M., Bett, H.K., Lagat, J.K. and Ayuya, O.I., 2016. Estimating farmers stated willingness to accept pay for ecosystem services: case of Lake Naivasha watershed Payment for Ecosystem Services scheme-Kenya.Ecological Processes,5(1), p.15. Page, G. and Bellotti, B., 2015. Farmers value on-farm ecosystem services as important, but what are the impediments to participation in PES schemes?.Science of the Total Environment,515, pp.12-19. Stephens, M.L. and Grist, P., 2014. Market failure for plantations: past experiences and emerging trends for delivering wood production and ecosystem services in Australia.International Forestry Review,16(2), pp.205-215. Swallow, B., Meinzen-Dick, R.S. and Van Noordwijk, M., 2016.Localizing demand and supply of environmental services: interactions with property rights, collective action and the welfare of the poor. Tacconi, L., 2015.Regional Synthesis of Payments for Environmental Services (PES) in the Greater Mekong Region(Vol. 175). CIFOR. Waage, S., Scherr, S., Jenkins, M. and Inbar, M., 2016.A scoping assessment of current work on payments for ecosystem services in Asia, Latin America and East Southern Africa. Forest Trends. Wang, H., Dong, Z., Xu, Y. and Ge, C., 2016. Eco-compensation for watershed services in China.Water International,41(2), pp.271-289. Zhang, Q. and Bennett, M.T., 2015.Eco-Compensation for Watershed Services in the People's Republic of China. Asian Development Bank.

The Tower Of London Essays - Grade I Listed Buildings In London

The Tower of London The Tower of London, the oldest fortified palace in Europe, was built by William the Conqueror in the late 1000's. It has served as a fortress, prison, palace, and the final resting-place of many people ("Tower of London" Encarta 1). Its history is full of amazing and horrific stories of life and death. To truly appreciate this magnificent group of structures a look must be taken into its history through it's architecture, uses, and those held in the prisons and dungeons. The Tower Of London is not actually one tower, it is a group of 13 towers located on 7.5 hectares of land known as Tower Hill ("Tower of London" Encarta 1). To the south of the tower is the Thames Rivers, which used to feed a moat that was drained in 1830. The general shape of the tower is a square with two lines of defensive walls surrounding it. The outer wall is defended by six towers on the river face, and there are two semi-circular bastions at the northeast and northwest corners (Tower of London Virtual Tour 3). The original tower, also known as the White Tower, is flanked by four turrets (Encarta 1). By looking carefully at the architecture of the tower you can see the painstaking workmanship put into every little detail. The group of thirteen towers collectively known as the Tower of London has five areas, which are especially interesting. One such tower was the Lion Tower, called so because it once housed the royal managerie. Often bear baiting performances were held here (Virtual Tour of the Tower of London 4). The Bell Tower is known by this name because of the belfry located at the top of it. The bell in the belfry was used as a warning system of an oncoming attack from enemies to the English (Virtual Tour of the Tower of London 6). Another building is the famous Bloody Tower, which is called this because it is the location of the murder of Prince Edward V and the Richard, the Duke of York (Virtual Tour of the Tower of London 9). The oldest tower is the White Tower, which is the great central keep. It was once used as the seat of the government and the home of the royal family (Virtual Tour of the Tower of London 10). Another infamous area of the Tower of London is the site of the block w! here a scaffold was erected and all of the executions were performed so that the public could watch (Virtual Tour of the Tower of London 14). One of the most famous uses of the Tower of London was as a prison and final resting-place for many members of the English royal family. One such person was Lady Jane Grey. Grey was queen for nine days until her own father lead a revolution that took her out of power and put the rightful heir to the throne in. Later Grey's father placed her in prison and was forced to have her executed to show his loyalty to the queen (Hamlin 1). Another infamous murder was that of Anne Boleyn. Boleyn was married to Henry VIII, but after a while Henry became tired with her and decided to dump her for his mistress Jane Seymore. So Henry had Anne Brought up on the charges of treason, adultery, and incest, and Anne was beheaded (Hibbert 70). Other famous prisoners killed at the Tower of London include, Edward V, Richard Duke of York, Archbishop Crammer, Bishops Ridley and Latimer, and Sir Walter Raleigh (Tower of London Virtual Tour 9). As you can see the Tower of London is a window into the rich history of England through its architecture, uses, and those imprisoned and executed there. The tower's history shows how different the time of Elizabethan age and the years preceding it are so different from today, through the subtle differences in architecture and quality workmanship. Clearly the Tower of London is a perfect example of a window into the life and times of those living in Elizabethan England.